Assessing the Effectiveness of Legal Protection Against School Bullying in Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.60153/ijolares.v4i2.378Keywords:
School Bullying, Legal Protection, Child Protection Law, Law Enforcement, Socio-Legal ResearchAbstract
School bullying remains a significant legal and educational challenge in Indonesia despite existing child protection and education laws. The effectiveness of legal protection depends on how these laws are implemented through school policies, institutional mechanisms, and law enforcement practices. This study examines the effectiveness of legal protection against school bullying by analyzing the roles of legal awareness, institutional commitment, anti-bullying policy implementation, reporting mechanism accessibility, victim protection, and law enforcement effectiveness. This study employed an empirical socio-legal approach with a quantitative research design. Data were collected through structured questionnaires from 200 respondents, consisting of 140 students (70.0%), 35 teachers (17.5%), 15 school counselors (7.5%), and 10 principals (5.0%). Respondents were selected using proportionate stratified random sampling. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, validity and reliability tests, Pearson correlation, and multiple linear regression. The findings indicate that all six predictors were significantly associated with the effectiveness of legal protection (p < 0.05). Law enforcement effectiveness had the strongest standardized coefficient (β = 0.304), followed by victim protection (β = 0.281) and institutional commitment (β = 0.248). The regression model showed strong explanatory power (R = 0.842; R² = 0.709; Adjusted R² = 0.701; F = 79.038; p < 0.001), explaining 70.9% of the variance in legal protection effectiveness. These findings indicate that effective legal protection against school bullying requires stronger law enforcement, institutional commitment, anti-bullying policies, accessible reporting mechanisms, and adequate protection for victims. Strengthening these elements can support safer and more protective school environments in Indonesia.
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