PUBLICATION ETHICS

PUBLICATION ETHICS

The Indonesian Journal of Law Research (IJOLARES) is committed to maintaining the highest standards of publication ethics and takes all possible measures against publication malpractice. The journal follows the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) Core Practices, the ICMJE Recommendations, and internationally accepted principles of research integrity to ensure that every published article meets the standards of academic excellence, transparency, fairness, and accountability.

Publication in IJOLARES is based exclusively on scholarly merit, originality, methodological rigor, ethical conduct, and contribution to legal scholarship, without discrimination based on nationality, gender, ethnicity, religion, institutional affiliation, or political belief.

  1. RESPONSIBILITIES OF AUTHORS

Authors submitting manuscripts to IJOLARES are expected to observe the following ethical principles.

1.1 Originality and Plagiarism

Authors must submit only original work. The manuscript must not contain plagiarism, self-plagiarism, data fabrication, data falsification, image manipulation, or any other form of research misconduct.

All sources of information, ideas, quotations, figures, tables, legislation, judicial decisions, and other materials used in the manuscript must be properly cited.

1.2 Multiple, Duplicate, or Concurrent Submission

Authors must not submit the same manuscript simultaneously to more than one journal.

A manuscript that has been published previously, is under consideration elsewhere, or substantially overlaps with another published work will not be considered for publication.

1.3 Authorship

Authorship should be limited to individuals who have made substantial intellectual contributions to:

  • Conceptualization of the research;
  • Research design;
  • Data collection or legal material collection;
  • Data analysis or legal analysis;
  • Drafting the manuscript;
  • Critical revision of the manuscript;
  • Approval of the final version.

All listed authors must approve the final manuscript before submission.

Individuals who contributed to the research but do not meet the criteria for authorship should be acknowledged appropriately.

1.4 Accuracy of Reporting

Authors must present their research honestly, accurately, and objectively.

Research findings should not be fabricated, falsified, manipulated, or selectively reported.

Authors should retain original research data and make them available to the editors if requested during the review process.

1.5 Use of Artificial Intelligence (AI)

Artificial intelligence tools may be used only to improve language quality, grammar, or readability.

AI technologies must not be listed as authors because they cannot assume responsibility for the integrity, originality, or accountability of scholarly work.

Authors remain fully responsible for all content submitted to IJOLARES, including any text generated or assisted by AI technologies.

Where AI has made a substantial contribution to manuscript preparation, its use should be transparently disclosed.

1.6 Disclosure of Conflicts of Interest

Authors must disclose any financial, institutional, professional, personal, or other relationships that could influence the interpretation or reporting of the research.

If no conflict exists, authors should declare:

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

1.7 Funding Disclosure

Authors must disclose all financial support received for conducting the research and preparing the manuscript.

Funding information should include the funding organization and grant number where applicable.

1.8 Research Ethics

Research involving human participants, interviews, surveys, observations, or confidential information must comply with applicable ethical standards and legal regulations.

Where required, authors should indicate that ethical approval has been obtained from the appropriate ethics committee or institutional review board.

1.9 Corrections and Retractions

Authors have an obligation to notify the Editor immediately if they discover significant errors in their published or submitted work.

Authors should cooperate with the editorial office to publish corrections, corrigenda, expressions of concern, or retractions where necessary.

  1. RESPONSIBILITIES OF EDITORS

Editors are responsible for maintaining the integrity and quality of the journal.

Editors shall:

  • Evaluate manuscripts solely on academic merit.
  • Maintain editorial independence.
  • Make publication decisions without discrimination.
  • Preserve the confidentiality of submitted manuscripts.
  • Ensure a fair, objective, and timely peer-review process.
  • Prevent conflicts of interest.
  • Investigate allegations of publication misconduct.
  • Take appropriate action regarding corrections, retractions, or expressions of concern when necessary.

Editors shall not use unpublished materials disclosed in submitted manuscripts for their own research without written permission from the authors.

  1. RESPONSIBILITIES OF REVIEWERS

Peer reviewers play an essential role in maintaining the quality of published research.

Reviewers are expected to:

  • Conduct reviews objectively and constructively.
  • Maintain confidentiality of all manuscripts.
  • Evaluate manuscripts based on scholarly merit.
  • Identify relevant published work not cited by the authors.
  • Report suspected plagiarism, duplicate publication, or research misconduct.
  • Avoid personal criticism.
  • Complete reviews within the agreed review period.
  • Decline review invitations whenever a conflict of interest exists.

Reviewers must not use unpublished information obtained during peer review for personal advantage.

  1. RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE PUBLISHER

The publisher supports the editorial team in maintaining the integrity of the scholarly publication process.

The publisher shall:

  • Support editorial independence.
  • Preserve the scholarly record.
  • Ensure transparency in publication practices.
  • Maintain ethical publishing standards.
  • Cooperate in addressing allegations of publication misconduct.
  • Publish corrections, retractions, or expressions of concern where appropriate.

Commercial considerations shall never influence editorial decisions.

  1. PEER REVIEW ETHICS

All manuscripts submitted to IJOLARES undergo a rigorous peer-review process.

The review process is conducted according to the principles of:

  • Fairness;
  • Confidentiality;
  • Independence;
  • Academic integrity;
  • Constructive scholarly evaluation.

Editorial decisions are based exclusively on:

  • Originality;
  • Scientific quality;
  • Methodological rigor;
  • Legal analysis;
  • Scholarly contribution;
  • Relevance to the journal's scope.
  1. PUBLICATION MALPRACTICE

The following practices constitute publication misconduct and are strictly prohibited:

  • Plagiarism;
  • Self-plagiarism;
  • Duplicate publication;
  • Simultaneous submission;
  • Fabrication of data;
  • Falsification of research findings;
  • Citation manipulation;
  • Image manipulation;
  • Fake authorship;
  • Guest authorship;
  • Gift authorship;
  • Undisclosed conflicts of interest;
  • Peer-review manipulation;
  • Paper mill submissions;
  • Fraudulent use of artificial intelligence;
  • Any other unethical publishing practices.

Confirmed misconduct may result in:

  • Immediate rejection of the manuscript;
  • Retraction of published articles;
  • Notification to the author's institution;
  • Notification to research sponsors where appropriate;
  • Temporary or permanent prohibition from submitting to IJOLARES.
  1. COMPLAINTS AND APPEALS

Authors may appeal editorial decisions by submitting a written explanation supported by appropriate evidence.

The Editor-in-Chief will evaluate the appeal independently.

Where appropriate, an independent editor or additional reviewers may be appointed.

The Editor-in-Chief's final decision shall be communicated in writing.

  1. ALLEGATIONS OF MISCONDUCT

IJOLARES takes all allegations of publication misconduct seriously.

Allegations involving plagiarism, fabrication, falsification, authorship disputes, peer-review manipulation, citation manipulation, or other unethical practices will be investigated following the principles and recommendations of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE).

During the investigation, the journal may request explanations, supporting documentation, original research data, or institutional clarification.

Where misconduct is confirmed, appropriate editorial actions—including correction, expression of concern, or retraction—will be implemented to preserve the integrity of the scholarly record.

  1. ETHICAL COMMITMENT

IJOLARES is committed to promoting responsible research, ethical publishing, transparency, fairness, and academic integrity.

The journal expects authors, reviewers, editors, and publishers to uphold the highest ethical standards throughout the submission, peer-review, publication, and post-publication processes.

By submitting a manuscript to IJOLARES, all authors acknowledge that they have read, understood, and agreed to comply with this Publication Ethics statement and with internationally recognized principles of responsible scholarly publishing.