AUTHOR'S GUIDE

Author Guideline

General Author Guideline

All manuscripts must be submitted to IJOLARES: Indonesia Journal of Law Research Editorial Office by Online Submission at E-Journal portal address: (https://journal.tirtapustaka.com/index.php/ijolares/about/submissions),

Where author register as Author and/or offered as Reviewer by online. If authors have any problems on the online submission, please contact Editorial Office at the following email:

ijolares@gmail.com

Jl. Pandu Tanjung Bungkak No. 48, Sumerta Kelod, East Denpasar District, Denpasar City, Bali 80235, Indonesia

Manuscript must be written in English language at least 4 pages and 15 pages of maximum including picture, table, and diagram. The manuscript should be written based on the IJOLARES format.

Manuscript Template

Manuscript should be prepared according to the following author guidelines

Reviewing Manuscript

Every submitted paper is independently reviewed by reviewer. The decision for publication, amendment, or rejection is based upon their reports/recommendation. If the reviewer consider a manuscript unsuitable for publication in this journal, a statement explaining the basis for the decision will be sent to the authors within three months of the submission date.

Revision Manuscript

Manuscripts sent back to the author for revision should be returned to the editor without delay. Revised manuscripts can be sent to editorial office through the Online Submission Interface. The revised manuscripts returned later than three months will be considered as new submissions.

Editorial Office of IJOLARES

Dr. I Made Adi Widnyana, S.H., M.H (Editor in Chief)

Editorial Office of IJOLARES
CV Tirta Pustaka
Jl. Pandu Tanjung Bungkak No. 48, Sumerta Kelod, East Denpasar District, Denpasar City, Bali 80235, Indonesia.
Email: ijolares@gmail.com

Manuscript Preparation Guideline

All manuscript submitted into IJOLARES is checked and decided by the Editor. The manuscript which is not appropriate with the IJOLARES format will be rejected. The manuscript which is appropriate with IJOLARES format will be accepted and confirmed through email by Editor. Manuscripts written by a single author will not be accepted.

Manuscript Format

The manuscript which is submitted into IJOLARES should contain at least with 4-15 pages with format like:

INTRODUCTION
METHOD
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
CONCLUSION
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS (OPTIONAL)
AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS
FUNDING
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
REFERENCES

Authors must use the official IJOLARES manuscript template when preparing their submissions.

General Formatting Requirements

Font: Times New Roman
Main text: 11 pt
Line spacing: Single
Alignment: Justified
Article title: 16 pt, bold, centered
Author names: 10 pt, bold
Affiliations: 9 pt
Abstract: 10 pt
Keywords: 3–5 keywords
Table and figure captions: 8.5 pt
Figure sources: 8 pt, italic
References: APA 7th edition
Reference list: Hanging indent 1 cm
Manuscript sections should follow the structure specified in this guideline.

Manuscript Title

The article title must:

Be written in Title Case;
Use Times New Roman, 16 pt, bold;
Be centered;
Contain a maximum of 15 words;
Be concise, specific, informative, and relevant to the legal issue investigated.

Avoid unnecessary abbreviations, vague expressions, and overly broad titles.

Authors and Affiliations

The manuscript should provide the following information:

First Author¹, Author Two², Author Three³*

¹Affiliation, Country
²Second Affiliation, Address, Country
³Third Affiliation, Address, Country

The corresponding author must be clearly identified.

Corresponding author: author@email.com

All authors must have made a substantive contribution to the research and manuscript. The author list must accurately reflect the actual contributions of each author.

Changes to authorship after submission should only be made in accordance with the journal's authorship policy and with the agreement of all authors.

Abstract and Keywords

The abstract must be written in English and contain 150–250 words in a single paragraph.

The abstract should concisely include:

Research background or legal problem;
Research objective;
Research methodology;
Principal findings;
Conclusion or legal implication.

The abstract must be:

Informative;
Specific;
Self-contained;
Written in a logical sequence.

The abstract should not contain:

Citations;
Footnotes;
Tables;
Figures;
Unexplained abbreviations;
References to sections of the manuscript.

Use Times New Roman, 10 pt, single spacing, justified alignment.

Provide 3–5 keywords in English representing the principal concepts of the manuscript.

Keywords should:

Be written in Title Case;
Be separated by semicolons (;);
Represent the central concepts of the article;
Avoid overly general terms;
Avoid terms that merely repeat the journal title.

Example: Keywords: Criminal Liability; Corporate Crime; Legal Entity; Law Enforcement; Criminal Sanctions

Introduction

The Introduction should provide a clear and concise presentation of the legal problem, research context, research gap, novelty, relevant theoretical or conceptual framework, and research objective or question.

The Introduction should generally follow this logical sequence:

Legal Problem → Context → Previous Research → Research Gap → Novelty/Contribution → Theoretical/Conceptual Framework → Research Objective/Question

Authors should begin by explaining the legal issue or phenomenon underlying the study and its relevance to current legal developments. The discussion should be supported by authoritative legal sources and relevant scholarly literature.

The Introduction should establish the applicable legal framework, relevant regulations, jurisprudence, legal doctrines, or empirical circumstances.

Authors must clearly identify the research gap, including what remains insufficiently examined, unresolved, inconsistent, or underdeveloped in previous studies, legal scholarship, legislation, or judicial practice.

The novelty and contribution of the article must be explicitly stated. Novelty may take the form of:

A new interpretation;
A new legal argument;
A comparative perspective;
A theoretical contribution;
A new analysis of legislation or jurisprudence;
A proposed legal solution;
A contribution to law reform or legal policy.

Where appropriate, the Introduction should briefly present the relevant theoretical or conceptual framework. The theoretical framework must be directly connected to the research problem and should not merely provide a general description of legal theories.

The Introduction should conclude with a clear statement of the research objective and/or research question.

Recommended length: approximately 15–20% of the total manuscript word count.

Method

The Method section must clearly and systematically explain how the research was conducted.

It should include, as applicable:

Research design;
Legal research approach;
Sources of legal materials or research data;
Data/material collection techniques;
Selection criteria;
Data or legal material analysis techniques;
Relevant ethical considerations.

10.1 Normative/Doctrinal Legal Research

For normative or doctrinal legal research, authors should identify and justify the legal approaches used, such as:

Statutory approach;
Conceptual approach;
Case approach;
Comparative approach;
Historical approach;
Philosophical approach.

Authors should explain how each approach contributes to answering the research problem.

The primary legal materials may include:

Legislation;
Regulations;
Court decisions;
Treaties;
Official legal documents;
Other authoritative legal instruments.

Secondary legal materials may include:

Scholarly books;
Peer-reviewed journal articles;
Legal commentaries;
Legal doctrines;
Other relevant academic sources.

Tertiary legal materials may also be identified where applicable.

Authors should explain how legal materials were identified, selected, collected, organized, and analyzed.

10.2 Empirical, Socio-Legal, Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed-Method Research

For empirical or socio-legal research, authors should additionally describe, where applicable:

Research setting;
Population or participants;
Sampling technique;
Research instruments;
Data collection procedures;
Data analysis techniques;
Relevant ethical considerations.

The Method section should be concise, transparent, reproducible, and directly aligned with the research objective or question.

Recommended length: approximately 10–15% of the total manuscript word count.

Result and Discussion

The Results and Discussion section constitutes the principal substantive part of the manuscript.

Authors must present and critically analyze the principal findings and directly connect them to the research objectives and/or research questions.

The section should be organized according to:
- Research questions;
- Research objectives; or
- Major legal issues.
Clear and logically ordered subheadings should be used where necessary.
11.1 Legal Analysis

For normative/doctrinal research, authors should interpret and critically evaluate:

Legislation;
Regulations;
Judicial decisions;
Legal doctrines;
Legal principles;
Other authoritative legal materials.

Authors should not merely describe legal provisions. The discussion should explain their:

Meaning;
Consistency;
Implications;
Limitations;
Relevance;
Legal consequences.

11.2 Engagement with Previous Research

The findings should be compared with relevant previous studies, legal doctrines, judicial practices, and/or theoretical perspectives.

Authors should explain whether their findings:

Confirm previous research;
Extend previous research;
Challenge previous research; or
Differ from previous research.

11.3 Novelty and Contribution

The Results and Discussion must explicitly demonstrate the article's novelty and contribution to one or more of the following:

Legal scholarship;
Legal theory;
Legislation;
Judicial practice;
Law enforcement;
Legal policy;
Legal reform.

The discussion should move beyond description and demonstrate the author's critical legal reasoning.

Recommended Analytical Flow

Finding → Legal/Conceptual Analysis → Comparison with Previous Research → Critical Interpretation → Implications → Contribution/Novelty

Avoid:

Repeating the Method section;
Lengthy descriptions without analysis;
Unsupported assertions;
Excessive literature summaries;
Conclusions that are not grounded in the findings.

Recommended length: approximately 50–60% of the total manuscript word count.

12. Subheading Format

Subheadings should be used consistently and only when necessary.

Level 1

Times New Roman, 11 pt, bold, UPPERCASE, left-aligned.

Level 2

Times New Roman, 10 pt, bold, Title Case.

Level 3

Times New Roman, 9.5 pt, bold italic, Title Case.

Authors should maintain consistent numbering and avoid unnecessary or isolated subheadings.

13. Tables

Tables should only be used when they improve the clarity of the manuscript.

Authors should:

Number tables consecutively;
Refer to every table in the text;
Place the table title above the table;
Provide the source where applicable;
Ensure that tables are readable at final publication size.

Table caption: Times New Roman, 8.5 pt, bold, centered.

Table text: Times New Roman, 8.5 pt.

Example:

Table 1. Comparison of Corporate Criminal Liability Provisions

Source: Author's analysis based on relevant legislation.

When referring to tables, authors should write:

As shown in Table 1, the current legal framework provides a broader basis for corporate criminal liability.

Do not use expressions such as “the table below.”

14. Figures

Figures should only be included when they improve the clarity of the research findings or analytical framework.

Authors should:

Number figures consecutively;
Refer to each figure in the text;
Use high-resolution images;
Ensure that figures remain readable at final publication size;
Center figures within the column;
Provide the source where applicable.

Figure caption: Times New Roman, 8.5 pt, bold, centered, below the figure.

Figure source: Times New Roman, 8 pt, italic, centered.

Example:

Figure 1. Analytical Framework of Corporate Criminal Liability

Source: Developed by the authors.

When referring to figures, authors should write:

Figure 1 illustrates the analytical framework used to examine corporate criminal liability.

Do not use expressions such as “the figure above.”

Conclusion

The Conclusion should directly answer the research objective and/or research question based on the principal findings presented in the Results and Discussion.

The Conclusion should:

Synthesize the principal findings;
Present the main legal arguments;
Explain the legal implications;
Provide recommendations where appropriate.

Recommendations should be:

Directly derived from the research findings;
Specific;
Feasible;
Evidence-based;
Relevant to the identified legal problem.

Recommendations may be addressed to:

Legislators;
Policymakers;
Law enforcement authorities;
Courts;
Legal practitioners;
Government institutions;
Other relevant stakeholders.

Do not introduce new arguments, evidence, literature, citations, or findings that have not been discussed in the preceding sections.

The Conclusion should normally consist of one or two concise paragraphs.

Recommended logical sequence:

Research Objective/Question → Principal Finding → Legal Implication → Recommendation (where appropriate)

Recommended length: approximately 5–10% of the total manuscript word count.

16. Acknowledgments

Acknowledgments are optional.

Authors may acknowledge substantive institutional or individual support related to the research.

Example:

The authors gratefully acknowledge the support provided by [Institution/Organization] for facilitating access to relevant legal materials and research resources. The authors also thank [Name/Research Team] for their substantive assistance during the research process.

Recommended length: approximately 30–100 words.

17. Author Contribution

Authors must clearly specify the substantive contribution of each author.

Contributions should use standardized roles, including:

Conceptualization;
Methodology;
Investigation;
Formal Analysis;
Writing – Original Draft;
Writing – Review & Editing;
Data Curation;
Supervision;
Other relevant contributions.

Recommended format:

Author 1: Conceptualization, Methodology, Investigation, Formal Analysis, Writing – Original Draft.
Author 2: Methodology, Investigation, Formal Analysis, Writing – Review & Editing.
Author 3: Conceptualization, Writing – Review & Editing, Supervision.

Authors must not be assigned contributions that they did not substantially perform.

All listed authors should have made a substantive contribution to the research, participated in reviewing the manuscript, and approved the final version.

Recommended length: approximately 50–150 words.

18. Funding

Authors must disclose all financial support received for:

Research;
Authorship;
Data collection;
Data analysis;
Manuscript preparation;
Publication.

Authors should identify the funding institution or organization and, where applicable, provide the grant name, grant number, or funding reference.

If there is no external funding:

Funding: This research received no external funding.

If the research was funded:

Funding: This research was supported by [Name of Funding Institution] under Grant No. [Grant Number].

Recommended length: approximately 20–75 words.

19. Conflict of Interest

Authors must disclose any financial, personal, professional, institutional, or other relationships or interests that could reasonably be perceived as influencing the research, analysis, interpretation, or publication of the manuscript.

If no conflict exists:

Conflict of Interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Alternative statement:

Conflict of Interest: The authors declare that there are no financial, personal, institutional, or professional relationships that could have influenced the conduct, analysis, or reporting of this research.

If a conflict exists, authors must clearly disclose:

The nature of the conflict;

Parties involved;

Potential influence on the research or publication process.

The Conflict of Interest statement must be consistent with the Funding, Author Contributions, and Acknowledgments statements.

20. References

The manuscript should generally contain at least 20 references.

A substantial proportion of the references should be derived from recent peer-reviewed scholarly publications.

At least 60% of references should preferably have been published within the last 10 years, unless older sources are foundational or legally authoritative.

References must follow:

APA 7th Edition

Reference list requirements:

Alphabetical order;
Hanging indent: 1 cm;
DOI should be provided in URL format whenever available;
References cited in the manuscript must appear in the reference list;
References in the reference list must be cited in the manuscript.

Authors are strongly encouraged to use a reference management tool such as Zotero, Mendeley, or EndNote.

references example

Journal article-Single Author

Toyoda, T. (2024). Exclusive legal personality of states in East Asia and the legacy of Bandung pragmatism. Indonesian Journal of International Law, 21(2), 315–328. https://doi.org/10.17304/ijil.vol21.2.4

Journal article-Two Author

Di Lucia, P., & Fiore, F. M. (2024). Rodolfo Sacco’s discovery of mute behaviour: A semiotic outlook. International Journal for the Semiotics of Law, 37, 1665–1678. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11196-024-10134-2

Journal article-Three or More Author

Sujana, I. G., Santika, I. G. N., Pratama, I. J. G. A., Ntarung, S. G., Mahadana, I. N. S., & Lusiana, N. K. N. (2026). The Pancasila rule of law and democratic backsliding in Indonesia: A critical legal perspective. Journal of Multidisciplinary Law Studies, 1(2), 127–137. https://doi.org/10.60153/k33a8p97

Book-Single Author

Wacks, R. (2023). Law: A very short introduction (3rd ed.). Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780192870506.001

Book-Two Author

Dobinson, I., & Johns, F. (2017). Legal research as qualitative research. In M. McConville & W. H. Chui (Eds.), Research methods for law (pp. 18–47). Edinburgh University Press. https://doi.org/10.1515/9781474404259-005

Book-Three or More Author

O'Connell, M. E., Roht-Arriaza, N., Bradlow, D. D., & Desierto, D. A. (2023). The international legal system: Cases and materials (8th ed.). Foundation Press.

Master's Thesis

Brown, R. T. (2023). Legal protection of digital privacy in Indonesia [Master’s thesis, University of Melbourne]. University Repository. https://repository.example.org/xxxxx

Doctor Dessertation

Smith, J. A. (2024). Constitutional protection of indigenous rights in contemporary legal systems [Doctoral dissertation, University of Oxford]. Oxford University Research Archive. https://repository.example.org/xxxxx

Magazine Article

McKibben, B. (2024, May 20). The climate movement enters a new phase. The New Yorker, 100(12), 24–29 (print)

For an online magazine article:

Lazarus, R. J. (2023, September 15). The future of environmental law. The Atlantic. https://www.theatlantic.com/...

21. Manuscript Length and Proporsion

Authors should maintain a balanced manuscript structure.

The recommended proportion is:

Section	Recommended Proportion
Introduction	15–20%
Method	10–15%
Results and Discussion	50–60%
Conclusion	5–10%
Other section	As necessary

The Results and Discussion should constitute the largest part of the manuscript because it contains the principal legal analysis and scholarly contribution.

22. Author Checklist

Before submitting a manuscript, authors should ensure that:

Manuscript

The manuscript follows the official IJOLARES template.

The manuscript is written in English.

The title contains no more than 15 words.

The abstract contains 150–250 words.

There are 3–5 keywords.

The Introduction clearly identifies the legal problem.

The research gap is clearly stated.

Novelty and contribution are explicitly presented.

The research objective and/or research question is clear.

The Method is sufficiently detailed and appropriate.

Results are analyzed rather than merely described.

The Discussion engages critically with previous research.

The Conclusion directly answers the research objective/question.

Tables and Figures

Tables and figures are necessary and relevant.

All tables and figures are numbered consecutively.

Every table and figure is referred to in the text.

Sources are provided where applicable.

Tables and figures are readable at publication size.

References

The manuscript contains at least 20 references.

At least 60% of references are preferably from the last 10 years, except foundational or legally authoritative sources.

References follow APA 7th edition.

References are arranged alphabetically.

DOI links are provided whenever available.

Every cited source appears in the reference list.

Every reference listed is cited in the manuscript.

Publication Statements

Author Contributions statement is included.

Funding statement is included.

Conflict of Interest statement is included.

Acknowledgments are included where applicable.

All authors have reviewed and approved the final manuscript.

23. Manuscript structure

Authors should organize the manuscript in the following order:

Title
Author Names and Affiliations
Corresponding Author
Received, Revised, Accepted, and Published Dates (completed by the editorial team)
Article DOI (completed by the editorial team)
Abstract
Keywords
1. Introduction
2. Method
3. Results and Discussion
4. Conclusion
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflict of Interest
References

24. Important Submission Requirements

Authors are expected to carefully follow the IJOLARES Author Guidelines and use the official manuscript template before submission.

Manuscripts that substantially fail to comply with the required structure, formatting, referencing, or essential manuscript components may be returned to the authors for technical revision before proceeding to the editorial review process.

The manuscript must present a clear legal problem, appropriate methodology, rigorous analysis, identifiable research gap, explicit novelty, and meaningful contribution to legal scholarship.

Authors are responsible for the accuracy, originality, integrity, and completeness of all information presented in the submitted manuscript.